Culture can be defined as the social patterns and behaviors that are shared within a group of people; it is not permanent and may evolve over time. Communication is a process of using symbols to convey a meaning. Identity is the perception of yourself by yourself and others. There are three different ways to thinking about culture and identity - social science, interpretive, and critical. The social science approach sees culture as a collective experience that develops through social interaction (Martin & Nakayana, p. 90). Through this same approach identity is thought to be created by yourself with influence from group members (Martin & Nakayana, 2013). The second approach, interpretive, see culture as contextual and symbolic and believes identity is formed through connections with others in the group (Martin & Nakayana, 2013). The final approach, critical, see culture as being heterogeneous, dynamic and conflicted (Martin & Nakayana, p. 94). Identity is thought to be shaped by the context of the event (Martin & Nakayana, 2013). Since the start of the Syrian civil war 2011 over 2 million people have had to seek refuge because they were challenging their government. Many of the Syrians may be experiencing a loss culture and identity because they are forced from their homes. Their national identity is challenged because they are being displaced from their country, so now they do not have a nation to identify with.
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