Monday, September 30, 2013

Cultural Reporter Project


Growing up I was raised differently than most of my core group of friends. I was raised Jewish and for 13 years, up until my Bar Mitzvah, we practiced this religion. It was only after my Bar Mitzvah that my family stopped practicing Judaism and religion was no longer a part of our lives. Since I have been in college I have been exposed to many different religions practiced by my friends. This has broadened my knowledge of different religions. Not only have I began to step out of my comfort zone in learning about these different types of religions, it has allowed me to become exposed to different cultures.

Culture can be defined as learned beliefs, language, values, and patterns shared by a group of people (Martin and Nakayama, 2013 pg. 88). Culture is seen as a community and fellowship. It also can be seen as a set of traditions passed down from generation to generation. It is taught and learned within the groups that share these values. In college, I met my friend Courtney who began to share her faith with me.  She began to describe Christianity, more specifically her Lutheran faith. As I listened, I learned that she shares common beliefs within her church and other Luther churches. This particular culture displays different sets of traditions that were created from the Holy Scriptures.  In the beginning I did not understand most of the ideas and beliefs she was describing, but after our discussion my cultural lenses were widened.




 From what I have gathered so far, Lutherans believe that God sent his only son to die for all mankind’s sins. There is so much depth within this religion that I look forward to spending more time with Courtney to discuss her faith. For this project, I plan to first interview (qualitative method) Courtney and some of her Lutheran friends. I will then attend a Lutheran service to engage within this culture (participant observation).  Lastly, I will try to understand the reason behind the passion people have for the Lutheran belief (emic).


References
Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 

Language and Labels and Co-Cultural Communication...Oh My!


Dr. Mark Orbe (Chapman, 2010)
Communication scholar Mark Orbe (1998) articulated a co-cultural theory of communication, which discusses how language works between dominant and non-dominant groups. According to Orbe, due to the power relations between co-cultural groups, dominant groups, either consciously or unconsciously, create systems of communication that reinforce how the dominant groups see the world (Martin & Nakayama, 2013). These systems present a dialectical struggle for non-dominant groups due to the fact that these systems may not represent how they make sense of the world around them. They are then presented with a series of strategies to help navigate their communication.

The power relations between co-cultural groups not only presents implications for how non-dominant members navigate communication systems, but it also highlights the "power" effects of the labels that we use. As humans, we have a natural inclination to make sense of the world around us and one of the ways that we cognitively process our experiences is by creating categories and assigning labels. We use labels as mental shortcuts to help us make sense of who we are and who other people may be. These shortcuts are not necessarily "bad," but they do present challenges for co-cultural communication because oftentimes these labels are invoked without any knowledge or understanding of their history, meaning especially for the non-dominant group, and the current implications. As Martin and Nakayama (2013) point out, the power of labels can be seen in the use of "Hispanic" as a label for Spanish-speaking people living in the U.S. despite the fact that this term is embedded in a history of colonialism for cultural groups native to Central, Latin, and South America.
(Jordan, 2012)
Also, the term "native American," which is rejected by indigenous cultures in the U.S.and considered a term that only white American use (Martin & Nakayama, 2013).

Co-cultural theory and the power effects of  labels impacts the language that we use to describe cultural groups. For me, what comes to mind when I reflect on the intersection of these concepts is the recent discussion surrounding the newly crowned Miss America, Nina Davuluri.
(Sawfirst.com, 2013)
Nina has been labeled by U.S. media as an Indian-American, a New Yorker, and a practicing Hindu (Cavaliere, 2013; Hafiz, 2013). On social media, she has been falsely labeled a Muslim, Arab, and a terrorist (Hafiz, 2013). Here are some articles on Davuluri and the U.S public's reaction to her win: Buzzfeed, Huffington Post, and Global Post.
(Sohail, 2013)


















So what are the implications for intercultural communication? For this blog response, I would like you to find your own case of co-cultural communication and the power of labels. Find a recent (ideally within the past year) example that demonstrates the relationship between dominant and non-dominant groups and the labels that we use. Find three articles that explore the case you have selected and include a description of these articles to begin your blog. Then explain how this case is connected to co-cultural theory and the power of labels. Finally explore the implications of this relationship by answering the following questions: What is the relationship between the language we use and the ways that we perceive reality? And why is it important to be aware of social positions in terms of language and intercultural intercultural communication?

References
Chapman, M. (2010, July 31). Summer institute for diversity education honors first trainees. Compass. Retrieved from http://www.ohio.edu/compass/stories/09-10/7/SIDE-diversity-742.cfm

Hafiz, J. (2013, September 16). Nina Davuluri's Miss America 2014 win prompts Twitter backlash against Indians, Muslims. The Huffington Post. Retreived from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/16/nina-davuluri-miss-america-religion_n_3934428.html

Jordan, M. (2012, April 4). Hispanics like clout, not the label. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303816504577322723349114252.html

Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. 

Sawfirst. (2013, September 17). The 2014 Miss America competition – show. Retrieved from http://www.sawfirst.com/nina-davuluri-miss-america-2014-2013-09-17.html/the-2014-miss-america-competition-show-17

Sohail, S. (2013, September 13). Miss America 2014 faces racist comments on Twitter. Retrieved from http://www.ivillage.ca/blog/entertainment/tv/miss-america-2014-faces-racist-comments-twitter

Friday, September 27, 2013

Cultural Reporter Blog: Introduction to Culture


 

The culture that i have chosen to research is Hispanic Americans. Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing population in the United States and has accounted for more than half of the nations growth in the last decade. Martin and Nakayama define culture as "learned patterns of behavior and attitudes shared by group of people" (88, 2013). Hispanics fit into this definition by having a set of beliefs and values that are specific to their nation, and more specifically their cultural group. There are many aspects that make up Hispanic American culture.

The word 'Hispanic' used to indicate a relationship to ancient Hispania, but in today's modern society it refers to the people and cultures of Spanish speaking, Latin American Countries. Hispanics have strong ties to family, friends, and their community. They tend to be very open and welcome visitors with open arms. The current president of Mexico is Enrique Pena Nieto, who is the 57th President. His 6 year term began just last year in 2012. Most Hispanics practice Catholicism, stemming from their Roman Catholic traditions. 
Hispanic Religion One of their biggest celebrated holidays is Cinco de Mayo. Which is the "Day of the Dead". This holiday commemorates the Mexican Army's victory over France at the battle of Puebla during the Franco-Mexican War. This holiday has also become widely celebrated in the United States, especially the areas with large Hispanic-American populations. Its celebrated with parades, music performances, and street festivals. 
One of the biggest historical events that shaped  the Hispanic heritage was the Mexican Revolution. The Revolution was a conflict that spanned over two decades. It all started when the ruler Porfirio Diaz Mori took land away from the rural workers and farmers. Mori wanted to industrialize the country, so he needed the extra land to create roads, dams, and factories. 
  The rural workers, who were considered rebels, caused an up rise. Without their land they really had no way of living. The outcome was over 900,000 casualties and a span of many weak rulers. It wasn't until 1942 that the citizens of Mexico saw a glimpse of hope in establishing peace in the country. I realized that history has a way of repeating itself, but also that the outcomes greatly shape the culture of the nation. The history of the Revolution also explains why Hispanics want to immigrate to United States to find better job opportunities. Their history and our history have combined to create histories between us.
I am going to take an interpretive approach in my journey of learning more about the Hispanic Heritage. It will include observation, research, and interview. From the observations i will collect information about their cultural norms and behaviors. My plan for acquiring an interview is to either go to the Multicultural center on campus and find resources there, or contact one of my out of state friends that has a Hispanic culture. 
References:

Martin, J.N & Nakayama T.K (2013). Intercultural Communication in Contexts (6th Ed). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 
A & E Television Networks. (1996). Cinco de Mayo. Retrieved from:
(2011) Hispanic Culture. Retrieved From:
(2003). Mexican Revolution. Oregon Public Broadcasting.  Retrieved From:


History to Histories

Many people don't realize the importance of historical events and how they have shaped our world as it is today. I'll admit that I have never enjoyed taking a history class, whether it was in grade school, high school, or college. If I would have known and understood what i do now, it would have changed my entire perspective. History is what makes me who I am. Although there are many different kinds of history that influence our understanding of who are as individuals, as family members, as members of cultural groups, and as citizens of a nation ( Martin and Nakayama 2013). Especially living in the United States we are surrounded by so many different intercultural histories, and we should be proud of that. Learning about the different histories and how they formed who I am and where I'm going is important to me. The cultural group that I chose to research are Hispanics. Since they are the largest growing population in the United States I thought it would be beneficial. It is interesting to me as well because Mexico is connected to the United States yet has its own unique historical events that shape the culture of the country. One of the biggest historical events that shaped  the Hispanic heritage was the Mexican Revolution. The Revolution was a conflict that spanned over two decades. After doing some research on the revolution I realized that there were many similarities to that of the conflict in Syria that is going on right now. It all started when the ruler Porfirio Diaz Mori took land away from the rural workers and farmers. Mori wanted to industrialize the country, so he needed the extra land to create roads, dams, and factories. 
  The rural workers, who were considered rebels, caused an up rise. Without their land they really had no way of living. The outcome was over 900,000 casualties and a span of many weak rulers. It wasn't until 1942 that the citizens of Mexico saw a glimpse of hope in establishing peace in the country. I realized that history has a way of repeating itself, but also that the outcomes greatly shape the culture of the nation. The history of the Revolution also explains why Hispanics want to immigrate to United States to find better job opportunities. Their history and our history have combined to create histories between us.
 
























































References:

Martin, J.N. & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural Communication in Contexts (6th Ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill

Mexican Revolution. Oregon Public Broadcasting, n.d. Web.
<http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/mexican-revolution/>.
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The LGBT Revolution

             The cultural group I am interested in is the LGBT community. I am interested in this group because I have a lot of friends that identify themselves as being gay or bisexual. Although I have many friends who are gay, I do not know much about how that effects their lives and how their culture differs from mine. I have never discussed with them the differences between how they view the world and how I view the world. I would like to understand the history of LGBT culture in America and around the world. I would also like to find out the many historical figures that have paved the way for the lifestyle that is accepted today in the LGBT community. As we all know being gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender has never been easy for individuals in the United States. I am under the impression that we have come a long way in the past 100 years and I would like to investigate articles, do interviews, and go to events to find out the truth behind the LGBT culture.
            I never thought to look into the history behind the LGBT culture. I always assumed that it was just kind of there and that certain people advocated for their rights. I always thought it was great that people were fighting for their rights and not giving up on wanting to be treated equally. I never realized how important equality was until a horrible hate crime was committed right here in Lincoln. When the LGBT community heard of this horrid crime they took a stand by having a candlelight vigil that was attended by hundreds of supporters (SIDDIQUI & PLUHACEK, 2012). I cannot imagine what people go through in the LGBT community and the hate they receive from people who are against them. I would like to look into the different hate crimes that have occurred in the United States that have had an effect on the LGBT community today.
            I would also like to explore the legal side of LGBT culture. I want to find out what laws suppressed the culture until recent years. I would also like to look into the political views of past presidents and/or state officials and see why they were for or against LGBT rights. I would also like to look into how schools treated kids that were openly gay. After finding out about school life I would like to explore the personal aspect of the LGBT community. I will start by getting first-hand accounts of how people came out and how this affected the many individual cultures. I would like to see how the religious, familial, national, etc. cultures differ from those of a straight person. I want to learn of the struggles of this community and how it led to their successes today.
            Another thing I’m interested in researching are the different symbols that surround this community. One major symbol for the LGBT culture is the rainbow flag. This flag is a symbol of Gay pride and is proudly flown by members of the LGBT culture. This flag has been around since 1978 and each color is said to have a unique meaning (Martins, 2010). I find this intriguing and would like to find out what the flag means specifically to individuals.  Other symbols include the Greek letter lambda, various falgs, gender symbols, pink triangles, and several more("Symbols of the," 2004). I will look into which symbols are most important to the LGBT community.
            I’m very excited to dig deeper into what make up the LGBT culture. I have always been open-minded about gay people.  I never really wanted to probe the lives of others for fear of it being a sensitive subject. I will work hard on finding out the legal history as well as finding out how individuals deal with being part of a non-mainstream culture.





Resources
SIDDIQUI, F., & PLUHACEK, Z. (2012, July 22). Hundreds attend vigil after reported hate crime.            Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved from http://journalstar.com/news/local/crime-and-   courts/hundreds-attend-vigil-after-reported-hate-crime/article_d0892b58-9ec9-566c-     8b66-bb0a032b8e03.html


Martins, A. (2010, June 04). History of the gay pride / rainbow flag. Retrieved from             http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/qq-rb_h.html

Symbols of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender movements. (2004, December 26). Retrieved from http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm

Eaton- Cultural Reporter Buddhism



Two million people practice Buddhism in the United States (Kaleem 2011).  While this may sound like a lot, this is only 0.6 percent of the total country population.  Therefore, it would make sense to say that I am not all that familiar with the Buddhist culture. Sure, I read “Siddhartha” (a narrative about the founder of Buddhism) but remember little.  We all are familiar with the statues of the bald man and big stomach sitting in a cross-legged position.  But what is the practice, and its history, all about?
Simply put, Buddhism is a religion practiced across the globe.  The term comes from “budhi” or “to awaken.”  The Buddha was not a God, and he didn’t claim to be as well (White, 1993).

Culture, as defined in Intercultural Communication in Contexts, is learned patterns of behavior and attitudes shared by a group of people.  With this definition, Buddhism is most certainly a type of culture.  “Religious Tolerance” teaches that Buddhist beliefs are very complex, but some fundamental beliefs include reincarnation, Nirvana (a state of liberation from suffering), and the Golden Rule (Robinson 2009).  
Furthermore, the Buddhist practice aims to live a moral life, be aware of thoughts and actions, and grow in wisdom and understanding.  Interestingly enough, Buddhism is tolerant of other religions and beliefs as well (White 1993). The Buddhist culture is somewhat learned and allows people to have a spiritual identity and health, yet it also is very dynamic as well. The religion teaches communication between the self, as it teaches that the answers to our conflicts are within ourselves (White 1993).  Mental wellness is also emphasized.


Historically, the religion has gradually migrated West.  The Buddha Dharma Education Association believes that this is because of the fact that Buddhism has answers to many materialistic problems.  It also has a very advanced interpretation of the mind (White 1993).

I am currently in contact with Courtney Bruntz, a classics and religious studies professor at UNL who also practices Buddhism.  I plan to research the group by talking with her, interviewing other Buddhist teachers Courtney is connected with, and attend some meditation session Jewel Heart Nebraska chapter meditation sessions.  Furthermore, there is a Zen temple in Minneapolis that I plan to visit during my fall break back home in Minnesota.   

What’s nice about Buddhism is that most places are very open and welcoming to “drop-ins” wanting to learn more about the culture and the religion.  Obviously, I will not “fit in” nor will I try to, but Buddhism teaches how to be accepting and avoid conflict, so I don’t think I will run into any issues ethically or personally.

Overall, I am very excited to learn more about this culture- it has gained popularity over the years in the United States and I’m looking forward to immersing myself into something I know very little about and have had few interactions with!





Kaleem, J. (2011).  Buddhism in America: What is the future?  Huffington Post Religion.  Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/14/america-buddhism_n_876577.html

Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Robinson, B.A. (2009).  Buddhism’s core beliefs. Religious Tolerance. Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/buddhism1.htm

White, B.  (1993).  What is Buddhism?  Buddha Dharma Education Association.  Retrieved from http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/5minbud.htm





Ross Wells - History to Histories

The meaning of History to Histories lies in the transformation of thinking from one "past" to many "pasts" and of history as "stories" which have multiple perspectives. According to Martin and Nakayama (2013) history is relevant to each person involved in communication, therefore understanding other views and perspectives of history is critical for effective intercultural communication. A culture I am unfamiliar with is Vietnamese, and I am interested to learn about the culture after learning about the countries history in my political science class.

I met someone who traveled to Vietnam, and he said that when he was there, the locals didn't seem to have any animosity towards Americans even though the war was only a few decades ago and most who were involved are still alive (he said it probably didn't hurt that they won). When he asked them about it they said they actually liked talking to Americans more than other people, like Europeans, because Americans talk with anyone they meet. In their culture, as with many eastern cultures, they value community highly and the interaction between the locals and the tourists was very valuable to them.

In this example there are three histories involved, the American tourists, the Vietnamese locals, and the European Tourists. Martin and Nakayama reference a French writer Jean Baudrillard who wrote about the difference between American and French view of history, "America was created in the hope of escaping from history, of building a utopia sheltered from history...modernity, conceived precisely as an original break with certain history, will never be ours [France's]" (141, 2013). This is consistent with the person's experience in Vietnam because the French, like other European countries, have governments that evolved from class systems, thus the people from those countries struggle to communicate, or avoid it, with cultures that do not observe classes. In short, the locals viewed Americans as open communicators, and the Europeans as closed.

Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill. 

Cultural Reporter Introduction Blog

http://www.itsatrip.org/albuquerque/culture-heritage/hispanic-latino.aspx


America is often proudly called a melting pot.  I am always amazed by how many different types of people I meet each day.  It often feels like there are virtually unlimited varieties of culture in our country, and I think that this is something to be proud of.  When you look at the definition of culture as stated by our textbook, “a pattern of perceptions that influence communication to a site of contestation and conflict”, it is easy to see how many different ways culture can be looked at and categorized.

http://www.itsatrip.org/albuquerque/culture-heritage/hispanic-latino.aspx

For my cultural reporter project, I have decided to take an in depth look at the Hispanic culture.  As I was initially reading the directions for this project, one of the stipulations to choosing a culture was that it had to be one that I was unfamiliar with.  Being a Spanish minor, I initially thought that I had to rule out Hispanic culture.  However, the more I entertained the idea, the more it began to bother me that although I was fluent in the Spanish language, I knew virtually nothing about their culture.  As a white middle-class American, my identity is very similar to the majority of the population in most regards, so I am looking forward to becoming familiar with a culture that may have different identities than me in some areas.  Over the last 30 years, the Hispanic community has seen exceptional growth in the United States, and is currently the fastest growing minority culture group in our country (Clutter & Nieto).  Because of facts like this, I think it is becoming increasingly important to understand this group, both as a future marketing professional and as a citizen of this country

In my study of the Hispanic culture and communication, I will be using the interpretive approach due to its qualitative nature.  This approach is much more interesting to me than the other two types, so I think that this project will be the most fun for me attacking it this way.  I also will be doing a fair number of interviews, so I think that this approach will be the easiest to use to align the interviews to my goals.  I look forward to getting into this project, and getting to understand the Hispanic culture better

Clutter, A. W., & Nieto, N. D. Understanding hispanic culture. Retrieved from http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5237.html

Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Cultural Reporter: Cherokee Indians


Cultural Reporter Blog

Culture is a defining element in everybody’s lives some let their culture define who they are while others live to define their own culture.  As said by Wen Shu Lee, “Culture = Shared language, beliefs, and values” (89 Martin, Nakayama).  In todays world many people still fall under this very structured definition of culture while others have broken out of the cultural mold of their descendants and took their acquired values and beliefs and learned to adapt and live and share their culture with many others.   For example I have a friend who I met duck hunting who’s family came from Korea and began practicing Judaism after they moved to Nebraska.  This is a perfect example of how cultures combine and people live a life with many different cultural influences instead of letting one dictate who they are.

The Culture I choose to focus on for my project is that of the Cherokee Indians.  They are one of the most widely know tribes from American history and there culture is still thriving decades after they were relocated from their home territories.  I read in an article found on Indians.org and it said, “Today, the largest population of Cherokee Indians live in the state of Oklahoma, where there are three federally recognized Cherokee communities with thousands of residents.”  This shows that the tribe is still going and that by researching the Cherokee Indians I hope to find out how the Cherokee culture has stayed the same and how it has differed since the first contact with the western world.

I plan to conduct my research using the critical approach uses observation.  “The goal of critical researchers is not only to understand human behavior but also to change the lives of everyday communicators.  Researchers assume that by examining and reporting how power functions in cultural situations, they can help the average person learn how to resist forces of power and oppression” (67 Martin, Nakayama).  That being said I plan on looking at cultural differences affected power in historical events that will help me understand how cultural differences affected communication between the Cherokee Indians and the outside world.




References
Martin, J.N., & Nakayama, T.K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Lee, W.S. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts (6th ed.) New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Indians.org (2013). Cherokee Indians Retrieved from:  http://indians.org/articles/cherokee-indians.html